Matthew 5:10-12. He teaches the disciples to pray to the Father, “Thy kingdom come” (6:10). The major purpose of Augustine’s City of God was to defend the Christian faith in the Roman Empire after the sacking of Rome by barbarians in the early fifth century. Thus, a substantial analysis of that passage is necessary for any who would wish to understand more fully the dynamic of Christian persecution. This regnal righteousness dynamic asserts that persecution is always rooted in the presence of Christ who has begun his reign as king over heaven and earth (Matt 28:18-20). Analysis of Matthew 5:10 … Roland Deines makes this assertion and says that this re-emphasis of righteousness hearkens back to the claim that Jesus is coming to save his people from their sins (1:21).24 Agreeing with Carter that the name Jesus is to be connected to Joshua, Deines insists that Matthew is re-emphasizing righteousness in light of the coming of the Messiah: “The name is programmatic, and the question is to be raised: Why do the people of Israel need a ‘new’ forgiveness for their sins? Recall the structure of the Beatitudes. The significance of this relationship to righteousness—very important for understanding persecution—is also not irrelevant in the present debate concerning the Pauline perspective on justification. Deines, “Not the Law but the Messiah,” 53-84, argues for an. ii. Perhaps not. Further Defense of The Regnal Righteousness Dynamic. Matthew loads the gospel with illustrations of such faith in action.15. for righteousness sake: Preachers understand they are addressing Christians and teaching them doctrine, even though—in all likelihood—unbelievers are in the audience as well, thus indicating that a didactic message might also prove to be a polemical one as well. • Are rejected by their own people (Exodus 2:14; Matthew 13:55-58). Deines, “Not the Law but the Messiah,” 71. Both disciples and non-disciples may be addressed in the Sermon on the Mount, but the disciples are specifically instructed in how that righteousness relates to their persecution. Commentary on Matthew 10:1-4 (Read Matthew 10:1-4) The word "apostle" signifies messenger; they were Christ's messengers, sent forth to proclaim his kingdom. To the Jews, Christ was seditious (Luke 23:5; John 19:7ff.). Formally, Matthew 5:10-12 may contain a ninth Beatitude.9 Notice that within this passage, there is a change of address. In addition, the Sermon on the Mount includes five significant references to righteousness by Christ, and Christ is pictured later in the Gospel as judging all humankind (Matt 25) and having all authority in heaven and earth. First, and most noticeably, the use of the personal pronoun emou links the persecution of the kingdom people (v 10) directly to a personal source. The fact that the particular person implied in the pronoun is the Christ who teaches with authority (7:28-29) links the persecution to that authority with which this Christ teaches. The followers of Christ are persecuted because of Christ. Gregory C. Cochran is the Director of the Bachelor of Applied Theology program at California Baptist University, where he also teaches courses in applied theology and pastoral ministry. We ought not to expect any better reception than the faithful of old received from the world. Woe to You When All Speak Well of You. And the Church needs help from scholars and leaders about what this means and how to respond. Our Lord already announces the treatment which He and His followers will receive from the world. Countless questions such as this can be answered better with more study on the precise nature of Christian persecution. The short summary of what has been shown thus far is that Christ (and regnal righteousness) is the cause of the persecution, while the obedient display of Christ’s righteousness provides the occasion for it. See the companion article in this Journal issue for an overview of persecution around the world. Matthew 5:10 Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. The outstanding feature of Matthew 23:29-36 is not the on-going nature of the office of prophet, but the on-going persecution of righteousness, whether it be the persecution of Abel, Zechariah, the prophets of old, or the present followers of Christ. They are considered already to be members of the kingdom and children of the Father when they are instructed thus to pray. One might understand this as faith in action. However, this conclusion is not warranted if our earlier assessment of the regnal righteousness dynamic is taken into account. Some may suspect such an emphasis on the regnal authority of Christ makes too much of Christ’s authority and not enough of his righteousness, particularly in light of the emphasis on righteousness in 5:10; yet the regnal emphasis must not be minimized because it reflects the overall emphasis of Matthew’s gospel, as has been shown. Matthew 5:10. οἱ δεδιωγμένοι , they who endure persecution ) In the next verse, δεδιωγμένοι signifies, Those who have offered themselves to undergo persecution. What is the relationship between the persecution of Christ’s followers and righteousness? In Matthew 5:10 they are persecuted for righteousness’ sake; in Matthew 5:11 they are persecuted for the sake of Jesus. It is, rather, something disciples have, and they are persecuted because of it. Jesus instructed his followers from the beginning of his ministry to understand their suffering persecution as a blessing, even to rejoice and be glad on these occasions of suffering. All who desire to live godly will be persecuted (2 Timothy 2:8-10). Przybylski’s thesis appears overburdened by its desire to demonstrate dissimilarity with regard to Pauline interpretations of righteousness. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The distinction in view is necessary to see both sides of the persecution equation. Introduction to the Sermon on the Mount - Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. Sounding much like Augustine and Tertullian before him, Calvin said, …how great is the malice that would ascribe to the very word of God itself the odium either of seditions, which wicked and rebellious men stir up against it, or of sects, which impostors excite, both of them in opposition to its teaching! 2011. As Jesus develops His message, He clearly teaches that such a life causes His people to be in direct contrast to the world in which they live. Matthew 5 Resources. This dynamic is called here the regnal righteousness dynamic because the righteousness belongs to Christ, and the authority against which the persecutors react is the reigning authority of Christ. “Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. The righteousness is tantamount to the person at root in the causal offense of persecution. The charge of stirring up the people was laid against the apostles (Acts 24:5ff.). In short, persecution is present and on the increase. It is the dikaiosunē of God at work in the kingdom of God which is gifted to the people of God seeking to serve the commands of Christ because they believe that it is Christ who is accomplishing the kingdom purposes of God, including that which Jesus taught them to pray for in Matthew 6:10, “Let your kingdom come, your will be done, as it is in heaven so also on the earth.”. Ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake - Because ye are attached to me, and saved from the corruption that is in the world; therefore the world will hate you. The nature of the obedience demonstrates the righteous authority of Christ, not the authority or righteousness of his followers. Jesus has reported that he came not to destroy the law, but fulfill it.But in this verse, he makes clear that the common understanding of the Law is not enough. David Claydon, “The Persecuted Church” (paper presented at the Lausanne Conference on World Evangelization, October 2004). Specifically, persecution is a retaliatory action against the righteousness of God in Christ, who is proclaimed and represented by his followers. Matthew 3:15 is much better understood as the opening part of an inclusio with 21:32, thus identifying the first and last uses of the noun dikaiosunē in Matthew with John the Baptist.28 Significantly, the original occurrence of dikaiosunē in Matthew (3:15) takes place for Christ (plērōsai pasan dikaiosunē). The world is not friendlier to Christ and Christianity now than it was in 1974 when Lausanne made its original plea. It did not take long for these words of Jesus to ring true to His followers. Calvin pleaded with the king to recognize the injustice of the persecution and to put it to an end. This change from third person plural to second person plural shifts the conversation to direct address by the speaker. … Stassen and Gushee chronicle the history of Christianity in this negative regard,17 tracing the phenomenon back to Justin Martyr’s bifurcated view of Matthew 22:17-21, from which Justin argued before Emperor Antoninus Pius that worship was due to God but service due to Caesar, who was the king and ruler of men.18 By now, the preceding engagement with Matthew 5:10-12 should have dispelled any notion of dualism in the matter of being persecuted on account of Christ. The question of whether or not someone died as a martyr ought to be preceded by the prior question of whether he or she was persecuted—and whether it was persecution on account of Christ which led to death. 12 i Rejoice and be glad , for your reward is great in heaven , for j so they persecuted the prophets who were before you . Kingdom of God (Matt 6:33; Mark 1:14, 15 Luke 4:43) = "kingdom of Christ" (Matt 13:41; 20:21) = "kingdom of Chri... Persecution The first great persecution for religious opinion of which we have any record was that which brok... To Get the Full List of Definitions: Sign Up or Login. 10:5-15 The Gentiles must not have the gospel brought them, till the Jews have refused it. Maybe we were obnoxious or caustic. John Piper Mar 10, 1996 249 Shares Small Talk. Verses 5-10: “The way of the Gentiles:” Several Greek cities in Galilee existed separately from the Jewish Life-style. Tertullian, Augustine, and Calvin demonstrate through history what Jesus, John, and Paul experienced personally: Persecution is not an anomaly for Christians; it is rather the norm. Here in this regnal dynamic is the display of righteousness which makes one a target of persecution. Deines, Not the Law but the Messiah, 83, utilizes this description of Christ’s followers. Matthew 5:10-12. Matthew 10:5. Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Those who “live and walk in the light of the Lord”47 reflect his regnal righteousness and, so, are persecuted on account of Him. Legislation will never stop … It would be difficult also to miss the regnal character of the Christ in Matthew. Happy Are the Harassed (Matthew 5:10-12) Commentary. Scripture: Matthew 5:21–26. After the arrival of Christ preaching the kingdom of heaven, those yielding to the authority claims of Christ would suffer persecution as their actions demonstrate both his authority over them and his loyalty to them. As Matthew 12:45 says, “something greater than Jonah is here.” Even if Jesus were pictured as being a prophet like the prophet Jonah, still, his status is viewed as surpassing Jonah in its greatness. Paul tell us in 2 Timothy 3:12 that “indeed, all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” The inclusion of Abel in the list is clearly an indication that prophets as such are not as important to the author as is the righteousness they represent. Can you explain Matthew 5:19? Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Hungry for Righteousness, Filled with Mercy. Hopefully, the article will also stir others to continue the long Christian heritage of defending the righteous against the persecutions they suffer. Paul’s missionary service in the cause of preaching the gospel of the kingdom to the Gentiles is evidence enough for Stuhlmacher that the justification question exists in affinity with the in-breaking of the kingdom. What else are they doing who blame us today for all the disturbances, tumults, and contentions that boil up against us? Biblical Commentary (Bible study) Matthew 2:1-12 EXEGESIS: EPIPHANY: The word epiphany means an appearance or manifestation, particularly of a divine being—or an illuminating discovery, especially one that comes unexpectedly. Matthew 5:10 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Matthew 5:10, NIV: "Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." The blessing and kingdom belong only to those whose persecution is related to Christ or to righteousness. Such a brief consideration of the immense debate surrounding the Pauline doctrine of justification is obviously insufficient in terms of moving that particular debate forward. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. Matthew 5:10 "Blessed [are] they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." sake, For theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 6:33).”46 Biblically, this nexus would obviate the need to disconnect the Pauline doctrine of Justification from that found in Matthew. Because of the prominent role righteousness plays in explaining Christian persecution, a further (albeit brief) consideration of righteousness in Matthew is in order. It is a matter of hungering and thirsting for his righteousness. The exact cause of persecution is not the presence of obedient disciples. The promise of persecution does not rest so much with the certainty of faithful disciples as it rests with the certainty of Christ abiding with his followers (18:20; 25:31-46; 28:20). The precise cause is Christ himself. Rather, as our consideration of Matthew 5:10-12 has shown, the persecution of righteousness is identified specifically with Christ, who is not pictured primarily as a prophet but, rather, as a king who teaches with authority. Because Jesus-righteousness is the main issue, the persecution of his followers can be called persecution for the sake of righteousness or persecution on account of him. Clearly, in Matthew 5:11, Jesus is not alerting non-disciples to the threat of persecution against them on his account. In this view of Matthew 5:10-12, persecution exists as a retaliatory action against the Christ of regnal righteousness. Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 12 i Rejoice and be glad , for your reward is great in heaven , for j so they persecuted the prophets who were before you . The Christ of Matthew came preaching the kingdom, too (Matt 4:17). And I say to one, ‘Go,’ and he goes, and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes, and to my servant,[ a] ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” 10 When Jesus heard this, he marveled and said to those who followed him, “Truly, I tell you, with no one in Israel[ b] have I found such faith. Yet this is no new example. Whereas some may question the emphasis being placed on kingship authority, others, no doubt, will question the emphasis being placed on righteousness in this definition of Christian persecution. Is it persecution, for instance, when a Christian is assaulted after stating the belief that homosexuality is immoral? On the occasion of his arrest, he simply held a sign which stated his belief that homosexuality is a sin and called the readers of the sign to turn to Jesus. Default. But what precisely does this mean in hostile contexts? The New Testament portrays Jesus as preparing his disciples for the reality of persecution from the very early parts of his ministry. ii. It is righteousness of a different kind altogether from Pharisaical righteousness. Scripture: Matthew 5:38–48. In verse eleven, the because of refers to the origin or the root cause of persecution; namely, the authoritative Christ. His case was appealed, although he died before it was decided. Matthew 5:10-12. Even more, is it possible that the king and his kingdom are not passing away but are actually still present with the kingdom people (Matt 28:20)? 14-28, which breaks down the literary design of the book and its flow of thought. Matthew 8:5-10 English Standard Version (ESV) The Faith of a Centurion. Blessed Are The Persecuted (Matthew 5:10-12) There is no room in the kingdom for the cowardly. THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT Matthew's is a teaching Gospel. Matthew 5:10-12. Review. Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you. Hammond was arrested, convicted, and fined under the Public Order Act of 1986. We are going to be continuing our study of this text. 11 g “ Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely h on my account . But we come to learn from life's experiences following conversion that, however hard we try to live peacefully or to make peace through reconciliation, some refuse to live at peace with us. Christ’s followers are referred to as “disciples” (5:1); as “the salt of the earth” (5:13); and as “the light of the world” (5:14), but never are they called prophets. INTRODUCTION. In Tertullian’s day, Christians were beaten, tortured, and killed by local rulers under the authority of the emperor, Septimius Severus. Matthew’s gospel is clear on this point. About 1,800 years ago, the church father Tertullian was compelled to offer a defense of Christians in the face of the persecution they were suffering. Matthew 5:10-12. Review. Matthew 5:10-12dropdownNew International Versiondropdown. The newly chosen disciples are sent out on a mission trip which was foreshadowed in Matt. Matthew 5:10-12. Hamm likens the situation to that of Luke 20:45, “And in the hearing of all the people, he said to his disciples” (ESV). Thus, a substantial analysis of that passage is necessary for any who would wish to understand more fully the dynamic of Christian persecution. Content. 5:17). Peter is always named first. They will need to continue to seek forgiveness where they have fallen short of faithfulness (6:12, 15). Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. As he says, “What is demanded is a different quality of life according to the kingdom of God that is about to appear. The danger here is the motive, not necessarily the outward action. Matthew 5:11, ESV: "“Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account." In what way is Christ parallel to righteousness? Adam Clarke Commentary. Such a relationship between the king and righteousness has recently been propounded by Peter Stuhlmacher, who argues that “the Pauline doctrine of justification is the doctrine about the implementation of God’s righteousness through Christ for the entire creation.”41 The hint of regnal overtones is unmistakable in this definition. Blessed are ye when [men] shall reproach you1, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. The Master here presents the various forms of suffering which would come upon the disciples by reason of their loyalty to him. On the one hand, the outlook of pursuing righteousness provides the occasion for drawing attention to the manner in which Christ’s authority is represented in the life and actions of his followers. shall you give such multitudes to a single beast? Matthew 5:10 Parallel Verses ... For theirs is the kingdom of heaven - That spiritual kingdom, explained Matthew 3:2, and that kingdom of glory which is its counterpart and consequence. Along with more study of the biblical, theological theme of persecution, Christians need to work quickly and diligently to fulfill Lausanne’s original cry for help. Its origin and goal is not separated from Christ. Significantly, the followers of Christ are never said to be in the line of the prophets in the Sermon on the Mount. Consequently, persecution persists against Christ. χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, for righteousness’ sake.… for my sake, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers. Persecution is happening to horrific degrees in countries all across the earth.66 Christians need to answer Lausanne’s call to give more attention, more study, to the topic of persecution. And discipleship includes the promise that the king will never pass away. Christ was despised, rejected, condemned, and executed by sinful men when he took on flesh and made his claim to be king. Warren Carter, “Matthean Christology in Roman Imperial Key: Matthew 1:1,” in The Gospel of Matthew in its Roman Imperial Context, 143-165, argues from Matthew 1:1 that Christ is pictured from the beginning as king. B. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them. Tertullian, Augustine, and Calvin each recognized in their own ways that there was inherent friction between God and lesser authorities who contend against him. Up to this point, the beatitudes have focused on humility, meekness, right relationships, mercy, purity of heart, and peacemaking—all positive qualities. Clearly, the kingdom and the righteousness still refer to God, whether the gospel originally stated it pronominally or not. See Jervis, “Suffering for the Reign of God,” 329. None of the crowd was arrested. "Blessed are Those Who are Persecuted for Righteousness' Sake" (Matt 5:10) Salt and Light in the World of Work (Matthew 5:13-16) What is Righteousness? The apostles were instructed to avoid these towns and to … Elijah taught us what we ought to reply to such charges: it is not we who either spread errors abroad or incite tumults; but it is they who contend against God’s power (1 Kings 18:18).5, As Calvin so poignantly notes, defending Christians against persecution is no new thing. As we have seen concerning righteousness, the primary answer is that Christ (his regnal righteousness) proves to be the origin of the persecution, while those called by him (Matt 11:27-30) act in accordance with his authority, thereby becoming objects of persecution on his account. The original houtōs gar ediōxsan tous prophētas tous pro humōn may be read appositively, “For thus they persecuted the prophets, the ones before you,” although the text does not mandate such a reading. In verse ten, those are to be congratulated who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness, while in verse eleven those are to be congratulated who are persecuted because of Christ. All authority in heaven and earth belongs to this Jesus. Matthew 5:10-12 NIV. Further, Pryzybylski denies that righteousness is related to the gift of God and believes, instead, it must refer to the demand of God upon man.26 But Deines’ point concerning John the Baptist and righteousness should not to be overlooked here:27 The way of righteousness proclaimed by the Baptist is clearly the way of God’s righteousness. The concern of Matthew is the righteousness of God. Matthew 5:20 is the twentieth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. 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