folgore division order of battle

At El-Alamein, throughout several engagements, the paratroopers were either able to resist the attacks made upon them or, when the Allied forces had been successful in completely wiping out the first line of Folgore outposts, to reform again, usually counterattacking. [4] The division initially was organized as follows: For reasons of order of precedence the title I Paratroopers Battalion was reserved for the I Carabinieri Paratroopers Battalion. The Italian Folgore Parachute Division: North African Operations 1940-43 (English Edition) eBook: Morisi, Paolo: Amazon.nl: Kindle Store Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. They forced the attackers to move slowly and to stick to the bottlenecks of the cleared pathways, often under observed artillery fire. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion During the Second battle of El Alamein the Folgore Division came under attack from three Allied divisions 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 7th Armoured Division, and the 1st Free French Brigade. (1) The 185. [1][2], Gold Medal for Military Honor given to the "Folgore" Division [1]. Meanwhile, Rommel returns to HQ and, contrary to orders from Hitler, decides to retreat, using the Ramcke battle group, along with the Italian units of the Folgore Division and the Ariete Armored Division to stand fast and cover the retreat of the rest of the army, though it is mentioned that the other Italian units have no transportation and will surely be lost in the process. The regiment took command of the three paratroopers artillery groups, which each fielded two batteries with four 47/32 cannons per battery. Initially created to emulate the German Fallschirmjäger in order to carry out the planned airborne attack against the British base of Malta, Folgore Airborne Division fought on the battlefields of North Africa - including the key Battle of El Alamein. During the Second battle of El Alamein the Folgore Division was under attack from three British divisions 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 7th Armoured Division, and the 1st Free French Brigade. [14] At the end of the battle of El Alamein, Harry Zinder of Time magazine noted that the Italians paratroopers fought better than had been expected, and commented that: "In the south, the famed Folgore Paratroopers Division fought to the last round of ammunition". 185th Paratroopers Division Folgore or 185ª Divisione Paracadutisti Folgore was a Parachute Division of the Italian Army (in Italian Regio Esercito) during World War II. [2], The 2-months[2] Instructors course began in March 1940. This book describes a paratroop unit that … After the war the combat group became the Folgore Mechanized Division, which was disbanded on 31 October 1986. This elite unit distinguished itself at El Alamein despite inadequate equipment and weapons while facing unfavorable odds. The 7th Armoured Division had been ordered to spare their tanks, so their attacks were called off after the bloody fighting during the night of October 24: 31 Allied tanks were destroyed or damaged during that night alone. Regiment was used to form 184. The reasons behind this limited victory of sorts are two: mines and "guts". In spite of the overwhelming numbers, the British made little headway against them, and in the end, the Folgore was ordered to fall back because the enemy obtained a breakthrough elsewhere. La brigade dépend en 2013 du commandement de COMFOTER (Commandement des opérations des forces terrestres). pub. For its conduct during the Second Battle of El Alamein the division as whole was awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valor. Initially created to emulate the German Fallschirmjäger in order to carry out the planned airborne attack against the British base of Malta, Folgore Airborne Division fought on the battlefields of North Africa - including the key Battle of El Alamein. On 1 September 1941 the Royal Italian Army raised the 1st Paratroopers Division in Tarquinia. The focus then shifts upon the Folgore’s major engagement of the campaign during the Battle of El Alamein: 'Operation Lightfoot', which was launched by General Montgomery on 24 October 1942. There, the outnumbered paratroops, after hours of artillery fire, counterattacked the infantry and close assaulted the tanks, with grenades and molotov cocktails. Actually, it was officially renamed 185th Infantry Division "Cacciatori d'Africa", and not without reason (apart from counterintelligence), since the well-trained, highly motivated … The Folgore used everything at their disposal including letting the enemy advance into a "cul-de-sac" and then launching a counterattack from all sides. The few survivors, who managed to withdraw, were reorganized into the 285 Folgore Parachute Battalion and fought in Tunisia, they surrendered to the British in 1943, but without having to show a white flag and without having to raise their hands while surrendering. The Allied attack began with an artillery barrage, followed by an all out assault by the 7th Armoured and 44th Infantry divisions. Elle est cantonnée à Pise et à Livourne. The main Allied effort during the battle was in the northern part of the Axis line. (PL), 2nd Cavalry Division Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro, 3rd Cavalry Division Principe Amedeo Duca d'Aosta, 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna, 22nd Infantry Division Cacciatori delle Alpi, 40th Infantry Division Cacciatori d'Africa, 65th Infantry Division Granatieri di Savoia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=185th_Paratroopers_Division_Folgore&oldid=997798488, Military units and formations established in 1941, Military units and formations disestablished in 1943, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Folgore Parachute Brigade Edit To aid in the raising of the 183rd Infantry Regiment "Nembo" the 185th ceded its X Paratroopers Battalion to the 183rd and raised the XI Paratroopers Battalion in its stead. The Folgore Division, attacked by elements of the 7th British armored Division and 44th infantry Division, stood its ground, repealing the initial assault and destroying 30 tanks with Molotov-cocktails. HMSO 1966], The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume IV: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa. It was designed to break through the Italian-held southern sector of the El Alamein line, where the Bologna, Brescia, Pavia and Folgore Divisions anchored the Axis right flank. [15] With a few survivors and some replacement, the 285º Battaglione Paracadutisti "Folgore", a battaillon-size unit commandeered by Captain Lombardini, was formed, and participated to the defense of the Mareth Line in Tunisia in mid 1943, particularly at the Battle of Takrouna, where it was destroyed. In this battle, paras had an important role in rejected British counter attacks in Himeimat sector. [6], In 1942 the division was further augmented: on 15 January the II Paratroopers Artillery Group was raised, followed by the III Paratroopers Artillery Group on 10 March. However in the course of the battle the division was annihilated and declared lost on 23 November 1942. Losses were high, in particular for what concerns the IX and X Battalion which were … The history of the 185th Division "Folgore" spans from late 1930s, when its immediate ancestors were established, to 1945, when its immediate successor was disbanded. G.Lunardi, P.Compagni "I paracadutisti Italiani 1937/45", Editrice Militare Italiana, Milano 1989, pag.41, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, "American Historian Praises The Role Of The Folgore In North Africa", Harry Zinder's nov 16, 1942 report for TIME MAGAZINE, 2nd Cavalry Division Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro, 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna, 22nd Infantry Division Cacciatori delle Alpi, 40th Infantry Division Cacciatori d'Africa, 65th Infantry Division Granatieri di Savoia, 80th Infantry Division La Spezia (Airlanding), https://military.wikia.org/wiki/185th_Airborne_Division_Folgore?oldid=4690417, Division headquarters and headquarters company, 1st Parachute Infantry Regiment (later renamed 185th Parachute Infantry Regiment), 2nd Parachute Infantry Regiment (later renamed 186th Parachute Infantry Regiment), 2nd Regimental Cannon Company (with 47/32 M35 antitank guns), 3rd Parachute Infantry Regiment joined the division on 3 March 1942 (later renamed 187th Parachute Infantry Regiment), 3rd Regimental Cannon Company (with 47/32 M35 cannons), Parachute Artillery Regiment (later renamed 185th Parachute Artillery Regiment), I Parachute Artillery Group (with 47/32 M35 cannons), II Parachute Artillery Group (with 47/32 M35 cannons), III Parachute Artillery Group (with 47/32 M35 cannons), Division Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Regimental Cannon Company (with 47/32 M35 cannons), II Parachute Infantry Battalion (from 185th Parachute Infantry Regiment), IV Parachute Infantry Battalion (from 185th Parachute Infantry Regiment), I Parachute Artillery Group (with two batteries of 47/32 M35 cannons), II Parachute Artillery Group (with two batteries of 47/32 M35 cannons), III Parachute Artillery Group (with two batteries of 47/32 M35 cannons), 20th Mortar Company (81mm Model 35 mortars), 185th Mining and Explosives Engineers Company, Corporal Major Antonio ANDRIOLO, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23 – November 4, 1942, First Lieutenant Roberto BANDINI, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, First Lieutenant Ferruccio BRANDI, 187th Parachute Regiment, October 24, 1942, Second Lieutenant Pietro BRUNO 132d Transport Regiment, Private Giuseppe CAPPELLETTO, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Private Giacomo CESARONI, 187th Parachute Regiment, October 29, 1942, Private Leandro FRANCHI, 186th Parachute Regiment, November 1942, Second Lieutenant Giovanni GAMBAUDO, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–24, 1942, First Lieutenant Marco GOLA, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–24, 1942, Private Gerardo LUSTRISSIMI, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Sergeant Major Dario PIRLONE, 185th Artillery Regiment, October 24, 1942, Sergeant Nicola PISTILLO, 186th Parachute Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Corporal Major Dario PONZECCHI, 185th Parachute Regiment, October 26, 1942, Captain Costantino RUSPOLI, Prince of Poggio Suasa, 187th Parachute Regiment, October 26–27, 1942, Captain Gastone SIMONI, 187th Parachute Regiment, October 23–27, 1942, Sergeant Major Mario GIARETTO, 186th Parachute Regiment, August 8, 1942, Second Lieutenant Omero LUCCHI, Folgore Division Artillery, August 31 – September 4, 1942, Sapper Clinio MISSERVILLE, 185th Assault Sapper Company, September 10, 1942, Major Aurelio ROSSI, 187th Parachute Regiment, August 20 – September 3, 1942, Captain Fabio RUGIADI, 187th Parachute Regiment, August 30, 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Carlo Marescotti RUSPOLI, Prince of Poggio Suasa, 186th Parachute Regiment, First Lieutenant Giovanni STARACE, Folgore Division, July - November, 1942, Second Lieutenant Giovanni STASSI, 186th Parachute Regiment, August 25 – September 2, 1942. In the northern sector, three British divisions slowly advanced, creating a small bulge between the Trento and 164th infantry Division positions. After the war the combat group became the Folgore Mechanized Division, which was disbanded on 31 October 1986. Additionally the following soldiers of the division were awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valor during the Western Desert Campaign: On 25 September 1944 the Italian Co-Belligerent Army raised the Combat Group "Folgore" with soldiers and materiel from the disbanded 184th Paratroopers Division "Nembo". In the following days between 25 October and 4 November, the 50th, 7th, 44th divisions, 1st and 2nd Free French and the Royal Hellenic Brigades, supported by artillery and armour, failed to break through in the southern sector. The VIII Parachute Engineer Battalion fielded one Headquarters and three Parachute Engineer Companies. During the Second battle of El Alamein the Folgore Division was under attack from three British divisions 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 7th Armoured Division, and the 1st Free French Brigade. After the end of the Cold War the Italian Army decided to rename the battalions in its brigades as regiments for historical reasons. Operation Lightfoot launched on 24 October 1942, was designed to break through the supposed "weak" Italian-held southern sector of the Alamein line where the Bologna, Brescia, Pavia and Folgore Divisions anchored the right flank. [2] By early 1940 an Italian paratroopers battalion was also established. With a few survivors and some replacement, the 285º Battaglione Paracadutisti "Folgore", a battaillon-size unit commandeered by captain Lombardini, was formed, and participated to the defense of the Mareth Line in Tunisia in mid 1943, particularly at the battle of Takrouna, where it was completely destroyed. The North African campaign was one of the hardest fought episodes of the Second World War, yet the vital part played by the Italian Army - and in particular, its Folgore Parachute Division on behalf of the Axis Alliance - is frequently overlooked. [3] In late November 1940 was established only one Paratroopers Battalion.[2]. On November 3rd the Folgore received the order to retreat 25 km to the West, and so began a slow, hard fighting march for the Italian paratroopers. No less an adversary than Winston Churchill himself praised the Folgore when, before Parliament on November 21, 1942, he said, “We really must bow in front of the rest of those who have been the “lions” of the Folgore Division.” Additionally the following soldiers of the division were awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valor during the Western Desert Campaign: On 25 September 1944 the Italian Co-Belligerent Army raised the Folgore Combat Group with soldiers and materiel from the disbanded 184th Airborne Division Nembo. This elite unit distinguished itself at El Alamein despite inadequate equipment and weapons while facing unfavorable odds. Direct and immediate origins of the 185th Paratroopers Division "Folgore" lie in the Paratroopers units formed in the wake of the breaking out of the World War Two. The division was sent to Africa and fought in the Battle of El Alamein with the following structure:[6]. Before the departing for North Africa the 185th Infantry Regiment "Folgore" and 187th Infantry Regiment "Folgore" switched units: the 185th ceded the more experienced II and IV to 187th, which in turn ceded the VIII and X to the 185th. Amazon.in - Buy The Italian Folgore Parachute Division: Operations in North Africa 1940-43 book online at best prices in India on Amazon.in. However, all that was achieved at a high cost of life and equipment was a small salient, which was soon recaptured by the Folgore. This elite unit distinguished itself at El Alamein despite inadequate equipment and weapons while facing unfavorable odds. [6] The division was intended to be used in Operation Hercules – the planned Axis invasion of Malta. [1], By 1939 there were two Libyan Paratroopers Battalions. The 185th Artillery, 186th Paratroopers and 187th Paratroopers regiments received a second Gold Medal for specific actions during the Second Battle of El Alamein. [3] Two years later, in 1939, two Paratroopers Military School based in Tarquinia and in Viterbo were established. The division was formed on 1 September 1941 in Tarquinia, as the 1ª Divisione Paracadutisti. Sgt. However, the four divisions attacking the Folgore positions in the south, had also been given breakthrough objectives, that they did not reach. [12] On 6 November, after having exhausted all its ammunition, the remainder of the Division surrendered. [8] On 15 March 1942 the 3rd Paratroopers Infantry Regiment with the battalions VIII, IX, and X was raised in Tarquinia.[6]. Additionally a seventh battery was formed with surplus materiel found by the division during its transfer to the front. By this time the newly arrived Folgore division had been placed in the line, and Rommel was able to shift his men around. [3], In the initial British assault alone the Folgore had destroyed over 120 armoured vehicles, and inflicted over 600 casualties. The attack began at 0300 hours on 26 July, but soon got bogged down, and any gains were taken back by counterattacks. In 1938 Marshal of the Air Force Italo Balbo established the Camp-School for Paratrooper of the Libyan Troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Goffredo Tonini and stationed at the airport of Castel Benito near Tripoli. After the cancellation of the invasion of Malta the division was sent to the North African theater. [10][11] Operation Lightfoot, launched on 24 October 1942, was designed to break through the weak Italian-held southern sector of the Alamein line where the Bologna, Brescia, Pavia and Folgore Divisions anchored the right flank. The division was sent to Africa and fought in the Battle of El Alamein with the following structure:[16]. The mines were of course an invaluable asset for the defense. In the following days between 25 October and 4 November, the 50th, 7th, 44th divisions, 1st and 2nd Free French and the Royal Hellenic Brigades, supported by artillery and armour, failed to break through in the southern sector. Second Battle of El Alamein Order of Battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the battle, 23 October – 3 November 1942. On 27 July 1942 the division's name was changed to 185th Infantry Division "Folgore" and its regiments were renumbered and renamed as well. In North Africa the division participated in the Battles of El Alamein, where the division was the protagonist of a strong resistance against the attacking Commonwealth forces, managing also to drive off some attacks conducted by tanks and heavy infantry. Each Parachute Artillery Group fielded one Headquarters and two Parachute Artillery Batteries armed with 47/32 M35 cannons. The 7th Armoured Division had been ordered to spare their tanks, so their attacks were called off after the bloody fighting during the night of October 24: 31 British tanks were destroyed or disabled during that night alone. History of the Second World War; United Kingdom Military Series. The division was intended to be used in Operation Hercules - the planned Axis invasion of Malta. Therefore, the battalions in the Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore" were given the names of the regiments of the former 185th Paratroopers Division "Folgore". School Command (the Commander was a senior officer of the Air force, the Deputy Commander a senior officer of the Army); 1st Paratroopers Infantry Regiment (raised 1 April 1941), 2nd Paratroopers Infantry Regiment (raised 1 September 1941), VIII Paratroopers Battalion (re-roled as Paratroopers Sapper unit in May 1942), Division Headquarters and Headquarters Company, II Paratroopers Battalion (from 185th Infantry Regiment "Nembo"), IV Paratroopers Battalion (from 185th Infantry Regiment "Nembo"), I Paratroopers Artillery Group (3x batteries with, III Paratroopers Artillery Group (3x batteries with 47/32 cannons), 7th Paratroopers Artillery Battery (47/32 cannons), 20th Mortar Company (81mm Model 35 mortars and M28 Mortars), 185th Mining and Explosives Engineers Company, Corporal Major Antonio ANDRIOLO, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23 – November 4, 1942, First Lieutenant Roberto BANDINI, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, First Lieutenant Ferruccio BRANDI, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, October 24, 1942, Second Lieutenant Pietro BRUNO 132d Transport Regiment, Private Giuseppe CAPPELLETTO, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Private Giacomo CESARONI, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, October 29, 1942, Private Leandro FRANCHI, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, November 1942, Second Lieutenant Giovanni GAMBAUDO, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–24, 1942, First Lieutenant Marco GOLA, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–24, 1942, Private Gerardo LUSTRISSIMI, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Sergeant Major Dario PIRLONE, 185th Artillery Regiment, October 24, 1942, Sergeant Nicola PISTILLO, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–25, 1942, Corporal Major Dario PONZECCHI, 185th Paratroopers Regiment, October 26, 1942, Captain Costantino RUSPOLI, Prince of Poggio Suasa, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, October 26–27, 1942, Captain Gastone SIMONI, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, October 23–27, 1942, Sergeant Major Mario GIARETTO, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, August 8, 1942, Second Lieutenant Omero LUCCHI, Folgore Division Artillery, August 31 – September 4, 1942, Sapper Clinio MISSERVILLE, 185th Assault Sapper Company, September 10, 1942, Major Aurelio ROSSI, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, August 20 – September 3, 1942, Captain Fabio RUGIADI, 187th Paratroopers Regiment, August 30, 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Carlo Marescotti RUSPOLI, Prince of Poggio Suasa, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, First Lieutenant Giovanni STARACE, Folgore Division, July - November, 1942, Second Lieutenant Giovanni STASSI, 186th Paratroopers Regiment, August 25 – September 2, 1942, This page was last edited on 2 January 2021, at 08:09. 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